高速铁路客运车站气力垃圾收集输送系统应用研究

近年来国内高速铁路发展迅猛,同时也新建了一些高速铁路车站,但目前国内铁路车站站车垃圾仍然采用原始的人工收集或者人工机械混合收集的方式,这些传统的垃圾收集方式影响城市形象及人身健康。气力垃圾收集输送系统是目前国际最为先进的垃圾收集输送系统,文章对该系统在高速铁路车站的应用进行了研究,提出了具体的实施方案。     

新型填料A/O生物滤池处理低碳氮比农村污水脱氮

针对低碳氮比导致低污染农村污水生物处理时出水总氮(total nitrogen, TN)质量浓度高不能满足排放标准的问题,以普通砾石A/O生物滤池为对照组(1号),采用芦竹和活性炭分别作为缺氧段和好氧段填料的A/O生物滤池(2号)处理人工模拟农村污水并研究其脱氮效果.结果表明,当进水化学需氧量(chemical oxygen demand, COD)、氨氮(ammonia nitrogen, NH~+_4-N)和TN质量浓度分别为(79.47±14.21)、(34.49±2.08)和(34.73±3.87)mg·L~(-1)时,两套装置对COD、NH~+_4-N和TN的去除率分别为(88.00±7.00)%和(89.00±10.00)%、(90.00±2.00)%和(97.00±7.00)%、(37±15)%和(68±7)%,表明添加新型填料芦竹和活性炭能显著增强A/O生物滤池对NH~+_4-N和TN的去除.高通量测序结果显示, 1号装置中参与硝化过程的微生物主要为Proteobacteria(变形菌门), 2号则是变形菌门和Nitrospirae(硝化螺旋菌门)共同作用;1号装置缺氧段中发挥反硝化作用的主要细菌门类包括Chloroflexi(绿弯菌门)、变形菌门、Bacteroidetes(拟杆菌门)和Planctomycetes(浮霉菌门),而2号缺氧段中则主要是拟杆菌门、变形菌门、Firmicutes(厚壁菌门)和Patescibacteria.实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction, qPCR)结果表明, 2号装置中生物膜的硝化功能基因(amoA和Nitrospira 16S rDNA)、反硝化功能基因(narG、nosZ、nirS和nirK)和厌氧氨氧化功能基因(ANAMMOX)丰度均高于1号装置,除narG和nosZ基因外,其余几种都有1～2个数量级的差别.     

利用生命周期评价方法分析上海市某区生活垃圾处理的温室气体排放

通过生命周期评价（LCA）的方法,对上海市某区生活垃圾处理现状及4个不同可选处理方案的温室气体（GHG）排放量进行了分析。结果表明,当前该区生活垃圾处理系统的GHG排放总量为776.42 t CO2eq.,其中填埋、焚烧和堆肥分别占33%、39%和20%,其他处理单元仅占8%。通过4个可选方案的对比表明,采取垃圾分类收...     

分子键合TM技术在垃圾焚烧飞灰治理中的应用

结合国内垃圾焚烧飞灰的治理现状,对分子键合TM技术治理垃圾焚烧飞灰的原理、工艺进行了介绍分析,并通过实验研究对分子键合TM技术在垃圾焚烧飞灰治理中的应用进行了探讨。     

Job Redesign Needs for Aged Workers

The aim of this paper is to explore and present a proposal for redesigning elements of the workplace for agech workers. The method of research was to observe, record, and measure the actions of sitting workers performing assembly operations on electrical products in the Kani Plant Nagoya Works of Mitsubishi Electric Co. (Japan). The evaluation index used in the experiment was obtained by measuring time motion elements, cycle time per product, and motion velocity waves of elderly workers. Those motion characteristics were then compared to the motion characteristics of young workers. The results led to job redesign elements being identified to reduce handling factors of high difficulty for aged workers and to the necessity to consider a coefficient of correction in Method Time Measurement (MTM) according to differences in the manufactured object’s weight.     

生活垃圾和医疗垃圾混烧研究

阐述了生活垃圾焚烧和医疗垃圾焚烧市场的现状;研究了垃圾的物理成分、组成元素、毒理性,以及执行标准、焚烧炉炉型等,分析了生活垃圾与医疗垃圾混烧会出现的问题;从投资估算和技术经济角度对混烧及分别处理方式的投资收益进行对比,最终得出不推荐生活垃圾和医疗垃圾混烧的结论。     

A case study on period vehicle routing in a refuse collection system

Period vehicle routing, a multi-period extension of the capacitated vehicle routing problem, is the problem of determining a service combination of each customer as well as the vehicle routes in each period of the planning horizon while satisfying the restrictions on the vehicle capacity and the travel distance (time). The problem can typically be found in refuse collection systems in which end-of-life products or wastes are collected and moved to the facilities where further treatment is taken care of. In this study, we report a case study on the problem for the objective of minimising the fleet size, i.e. the maximum number of vehicles simultaneously required over the planning horizon. To solve the problem, we adopt the two-stage heuristic in which an initial solution is obtained by assigning a service combination to each collection point, and then it is improved by changing the service combination assigned to each collection point. Computational experiment was done on the case data and significant improvement over the conventional method is reported.     

Temporal variation of microbial population in a thermophilic biofilter for SO2 removal

The performance of a biofilter relies on the activity of microorganisms during the gas contaminant treatment process. In this study, SO_2 was treated using a laboratory-scale biofilter packed with polyurethane foam cubes(PUFC), on which thermophilic desulfurization bacteria were attached. The thermophilic biofilter effectively reduced SO_2 within 10 months of operation time, with a maximum elimination capacity of 48.29 g/m~3/hr.Temporal shifts in the microbial population in the thermophilic biofilter were determined through polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA) sequence analysis. The substrate species and environmental conditions in the biofilter influenced the microbial population. Oxygen distribution in the PUFC was analyzed using a microelectrode. When the water-containing rate in PUFC was over 98%, the oxygen distribution presented aerobic–anoxic–aerobic states along the test route on the PUFC. The appearance of sulfate-reducing bacteria was caused by the anaerobic conditions and sulfate formation after 4 months of operation.     

北京市医院环保验收内容及注意事项

根据建设项目竣工环境保护验收规范要求,针对北京市医院环保验收内容,总结了此类项目的验收工作重点,并具体阐述了医院废水监测、医疗废物管理、环境管理检查等工作实施中的注意事项。     

生活垃圾焚烧烟气酸露点的计算方法和分析

对影响生活垃圾焚烧烟气酸露点的主要因素进行了分析,推荐了3种实用的酸露点计算方法,并采用实例验证了3种计算方法的可靠性。